{"id":4327,"date":"2026-03-18T14:37:37","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T14:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/?p=4327"},"modified":"2026-03-25T20:39:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T20:39:02","slug":"5-redes-e-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/ca\/5-redes-e-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"5. Xarxes i Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4327\" class=\"elementor elementor-4327\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78fd086 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"78fd086\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6d6f6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f6d6f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37-768x512.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4330\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 1. Representaci\u00f3 conceptual dels tipus de programari en un sistema inform\u00e0tic. Imatge generada amb intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial per a fins educatius.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-228aced elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"228aced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"594\">Seguim amb el temari de la <strong data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"510\">UF0319 \u2013 Ofim\u00e0tica<\/strong>, dedicat a comprendre el funcionament b\u00e0sic de lordinador i el seu entorn digital.<\/p><p data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"867\">Als articles anteriors hem vist qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el <strong data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"658\">maquinari<\/strong>, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el <strong data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"682\">programari<\/strong> i quin \u00e9s el paper del <strong data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"727\">sistema operatiu<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"728\" data-end=\"731\" \/>Ara avan\u00e7arem un pas m\u00e9s i veurem <strong data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"866\">com es connecten els ordinadors entre si i com accedim a la informaci\u00f3 a Internet<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"869\" data-end=\"1094\">Comprendre com funcionen les xarxes i com circula la informaci\u00f3 per Internet \u00e9s fonamental per utilitzar correctament eines com ara el navegador web, el correu electr\u00f2nic o els serveis de transfer\u00e8ncia d&#039;arxius.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"i0b0ei\" data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1133\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s una xarxa dordinadors<\/h2><p data-start=\"1135\" data-end=\"1270\">Una <strong data-start=\"1139\" data-end=\"1161\">xarxa d&#039;ordinadors<\/strong> \u00e9s un conjunt de dispositius connectats entre si que poden intercanviar informaci\u00f3 i compartir recursos.<\/p><p data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">Entre els dispositius que poden formar part d\u201funa xarxa trobem:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">ordinadors<\/li><li data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">servidors<\/li><li data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">impressores<\/li><li data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">tel\u00e8fons m\u00f2bils<\/li><li data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">tauletes<\/li><li data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1342\">dispositius d&#039;emmagatzematge<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1535\">Les xarxes permeten compartir recursos com ara fitxers, impressores o connexi\u00f3 a Internet.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"gfvkts\" data-start=\"1542\" data-end=\"1559\">Tipus de xarxes<\/h2><p data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1617\">Les xarxes es poden classificar segons la seva mida o abast.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1kq6p2d\" data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1649\">Xarxa d&#039;\u00e0rea personal (PAN)<\/h3><p data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"623\">Una <strong data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"530\">PAN (Personal Area Network)<\/strong> \u00e9s una xarxa de molt curt abast que connecta dispositius personals al voltant dun usuari.<\/p><p data-start=\"625\" data-end=\"748\">Aquestes xarxes solen cobrir una dist\u00e0ncia de pocs metres i normalment utilitzen tecnologies sense fils com <strong data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"747\">Bluetooth<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"786\">Per exemple, una PAN pot connectar:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"786\">un tel\u00e8fon m\u00f2bil<\/li><li data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"786\">uns auriculars sense fil<\/li><li data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"786\">un rellotge intel\u00b7ligent<\/li><li data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"786\">un ordinador port\u00e0til<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"1020\">Aquest tipus de xarxa permet intercanviar informaci\u00f3 entre dispositius personals sense una infraestructura complexa.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1n0xoto\" data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1834\">Xarxa d&#039;\u00e0rea local (LAN)<\/h3><p data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1153\">Una <strong data-start=\"1060\" data-end=\"1088\">LAN (Local Area Network)<\/strong> connecta diversos dispositius dins d&#039;un espai redu\u00eft, com ara:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1225\"><li data-section-id=\"f574s\" data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1171\"><p data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1171\">un habitatge<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"1r55yt3\" data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1187\"><p data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1187\">una oficina<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"sv1kcg\" data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1211\"><p data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1211\">un centre educatiu<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"ozx0un\" data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1225\"><p data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1225\">una empresa<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1286\">En una LAN els dispositius poden compartir recursos com:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1286\">arxius<\/li><li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1286\">impressores<\/li><li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1286\">aplicacions<\/li><li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1286\">connexi\u00f3 a Internet<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1510\">Per exemple, en una oficina diversos ordinadors poden estar connectats a la mateixa xarxa local per accedir a una impressora compartida oa un servidor de fitxers.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"z2bfoh\" data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2077\">Xarxa d&#039;\u00e0rea metropolitana (MAN)<\/h3><p data-start=\"1554\" data-end=\"1662\">Una <strong data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1593\">MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)<\/strong> connecta diverses xarxes locals dins d&#039;una <strong data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1661\">ciutat o \u00e0rea urbana<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1831\">Aquest tipus de xarxa permet que diferents edificis o institucions es comuniquin entre si utilitzant infraestructures d&#039;alta velocitat, com ara xarxes de <strong data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1830\">fibra \u00f2ptica<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1869\">Per exemple, una MAN pot connectar:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1869\">edificis de ladministraci\u00f3 p\u00fablica duna ciutat<\/li><li data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1869\">universitats i centres de recerca<\/li><li data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1869\">hospitals<\/li><li data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1869\">seus d&#039;una mateixa empresa repartides per la ciutat<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2043\" data-end=\"2219\">Un exemple senzill seria la <strong data-start=\"2072\" data-end=\"2135\">xarxa que connecta els diferents edificis d\u00b4un ajuntament<\/strong>, permetent compartir sistemes inform\u00e0tics, bases de dades o serveis digitals.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1la62q\" data-start=\"2170\" data-end=\"2198\">Xarxa d&#039;\u00e0rea \u00e0mplia (WAN)<\/h3><p data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2400\">Una <strong data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2287\">WAN (Wide Area Network)<\/strong> connecta xarxes situades a <strong data-start=\"2314\" data-end=\"2343\">grans \u00e0rees geogr\u00e0fiques<\/strong>, com diferents ciutats, pa\u00efsos o fins i tot continents.<\/p><p data-start=\"2402\" data-end=\"2488\">Aquest tipus de xarxa permet que els dispositius es puguin comunicar a grans dist\u00e0ncies.<\/p><p data-start=\"2490\" data-end=\"2589\">L&#039;exemple m\u00e9s conegut de xarxa WAN \u00e9s <strong data-start=\"2528\" data-end=\"2540\">Internet<\/strong>, que connecta milions de xarxes a tot el m\u00f3n.<\/p><p data-start=\"2591\" data-end=\"2624\">Gr\u00e0cies a aquestes xarxes \u00e9s possible:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"2591\" data-end=\"2624\">accedir a p\u00e0gines web<\/li><li data-start=\"2591\" data-end=\"2624\">enviar correus electr\u00f2nics<\/li><li data-start=\"2591\" data-end=\"2624\">utilitzar serveis al n\u00favol<\/li><li data-start=\"2591\" data-end=\"2624\">compartir informaci\u00f3 a nivell global<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c50abd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c50abd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-14_59_19-1024x683.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4329\" alt=\"Ejemplo visual de los principales tipos de redes inform\u00e1ticas seg\u00fan su alcance: PAN (red de \u00e1rea personal), LAN (red local), MAN (red metropolitana) y WAN (red de \u00e1rea amplia como Internet)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-14_59_19-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-14_59_19-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-14_59_19-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-14_59_19-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-14_59_19.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Exemple visual dels tipus de xarxes segons el vostre abast: PAN, LAN, MAN i WAN. Il\u00b7lustraci\u00f3 generada amb intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial amb fins educatius.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcd8a9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dcd8a9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-section-id=\"11yrs9x\" data-start=\"2345\" data-end=\"2363\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2462\">Internet \u00e9s una <strong data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2405\">xarxa mundial de xarxes<\/strong> que connecta milions de dispositius a tot el planeta.<\/p><p data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2494\">Gr\u00e0cies a Internet \u00e9s possible:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2494\">accedir a p\u00e0gines web<\/li><li data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2494\">enviar correus electr\u00f2nics<\/li><li data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2494\">compartir arxius<\/li><li data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2494\">realitzar videotrucades<\/li><li data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2494\">utilitzar serveis al n\u00favol<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2629\" data-end=\"2731\">Internet permet que dispositius situats a diferents parts del m\u00f3n puguin comunicar-se entre si.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"qlfrze\" data-start=\"2738\" data-end=\"2767\">Breu hist\u00f2ria d&#039;Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"2769\" data-end=\"2853\">Internet t\u00e9 l&#039;origen en projectes de recerca desenvolupats als anys 60.<\/p><p data-start=\"2855\" data-end=\"3002\">Un dels m\u00e9s importants va ser <strong data-start=\"2886\" data-end=\"2897\">ARPANET<\/strong>, una xarxa creada pel Departament de Defensa dels Estats Units per connectar centres de recerca.<\/p><p data-start=\"3004\" data-end=\"3124\">Amb el pas del temps, diferents xarxes van comen\u00e7ar a connectar-se entre si fent servir protocols comuns de comunicaci\u00f3.<\/p><p data-start=\"3126\" data-end=\"3259\">Als anys 90 va apar\u00e8ixer la <strong data-start=\"3153\" data-end=\"3177\">World Wide Web (WWW)<\/strong>, que va permetre accedir a informaci\u00f3 mitjan\u00e7ant p\u00e0gines web a trav\u00e9s de navegadors.<\/p><p data-start=\"3261\" data-end=\"3406\">Des d&#039;aleshores, Internet ha experimentat un creixement enorme i ha esdevingut una eina essencial en la vida personal i professional.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"16gixvu\" data-start=\"3413\" data-end=\"3447\">Terminologia b\u00e0sica d&#039;Internet<\/h2><h3 data-section-id=\"1hhjb9n\" data-start=\"309\" data-end=\"342\">Terminologia de connexi\u00f3 i xarxa<\/h3><p data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"456\"><strong data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"362\">Ample de banda<\/strong><br data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"365\" \/>Capacitat d&#039;una connexi\u00f3 de xarxa per transmetre dades en un per\u00edode de temps determinat.<\/p><p data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"540\"><strong data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"474\">Adre\u00e7a IP<\/strong><br data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"477\" \/>N\u00famero \u00fanic que identifica un dispositiu dins una xarxa.<\/p><p data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"661\"><strong data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"568\">IP (Internet Protocol)<\/strong><br data-start=\"568\" data-end=\"571\" \/>Protocol que permet identificar dispositius i dirigir la informaci\u00f3 dins una xarxa.<\/p><p data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"781\"><strong data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"702\">TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<\/strong><br data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"705\" \/>Protocol que garanteix la transmissi\u00f3 correcta de dades entre dispositius.<\/p><p data-start=\"783\" data-end=\"878\"><strong data-start=\"783\" data-end=\"793\">TCP\/IP<\/strong><br data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"796\" \/>Conjunt de protocols que permeten la comunicaci\u00f3 entre ordinadors a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"968\"><strong data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"908\">DNS (Domain Name System)<\/strong><br data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"911\" \/>Sistema que tradueix noms de domini a adreces IP.<\/p><p data-start=\"970\" data-end=\"1065\"><strong data-start=\"970\" data-end=\"981\">Domini<\/strong><br data-start=\"981\" data-end=\"984\" \/>Nom llegible que identifica un lloc web a Internet (per exemple, google.com).<\/p><p data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1161\"><strong data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1075\">Host<\/strong><br data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1078\" \/>Ordinador o servidor connectat a una xarxa que ofereix serveis a altres dispositius.<\/p><p data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1246\"><strong data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1173\">Router<\/strong><br data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1176\" \/>Dispositiu que connecta diferents xarxes i dirigeix el tr\u00e0nsit de dades.<\/p><p data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1343\"><strong data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1283\">ISP (Internet Service Provider)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1286\" \/>Empresa que proporciona acc\u00e9s a Internet als usuaris.<\/p><p data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1435\"><strong data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1353\">WiFi<\/strong><br data-start=\"1353\" data-end=\"1356\" \/>Tecnologia que permet connectar dispositius a una xarxa sense necessitat de cables.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1aaueev\" data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1475\">Terminologia de navegaci\u00f3 web<\/h3><p data-start=\"1477\" data-end=\"1557\"><strong data-start=\"1477\" data-end=\"1500\">Browser (navegador)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1503\" \/>Programa que permet accedir i visualitzar p\u00e0gines web.<\/p><p data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1650\"><strong data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1593\">URL (Uniform Resource Locator)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1596\" \/>Adre\u00e7a \u00fanica que identifica un recurs a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1742\"><strong data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1660\">HTTP<\/strong><br data-start=\"1660\" data-end=\"1663\" \/>Protocol utilitzat per transferir p\u00e0gines web entre servidors i navegadors.<\/p><p data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1816\"><strong data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1753\">HTTPS<\/strong><br data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1756\" \/>Versi\u00f3 segura del protocol HTTP que xifra la comunicaci\u00f3.<\/p><p data-start=\"1818\" data-end=\"1916\"><strong data-start=\"1818\" data-end=\"1842\">World Wide Web (WWW)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1842\" data-end=\"1845\" \/>Sistema de p\u00e0gines web interconnectades accessibles a trav\u00e9s dInternet.<\/p><p data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"2007\"><strong data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"1941\">Download (desc\u00e0rrega)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"1944\" \/>Proc\u00e9s de transferir fitxers des d&#039;Internet a un dispositiu.<\/p><p data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2094\"><strong data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2028\">Upload (pujada)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2031\" \/>Proc\u00e9s d&#039;enviar fitxers des d&#039;un dispositiu cap a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"2096\" data-end=\"2189\"><strong data-start=\"2096\" data-end=\"2105\">Frame<\/strong><br data-start=\"2105\" data-end=\"2108\" \/>Element utilitzat en disseny web per dividir una p\u00e0gina en diferents seccions.<\/p><p data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2252\"><strong data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2201\">Banner<\/strong><br data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2204\" \/>Format publicitari que apareix a les p\u00e0gines web.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1snyoos\" data-start=\"2259\" data-end=\"2302\">Terminologia de comunicaci\u00f3 a Internet<\/h3><p data-start=\"2304\" data-end=\"2381\"><strong data-start=\"2304\" data-end=\"2312\">Xat<\/strong><br data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2315\" \/>Sistema de comunicaci\u00f3 a temps real mitjan\u00e7ant missatges de text.<\/p><p data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2461\"><strong data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2407\">Attachment (adjunt)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2407\" data-end=\"2410\" \/>Fitxer que s&#039;envia al costat d&#039;un correu electr\u00f2nic.<\/p><p data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2558\"><strong data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2472\">Login<\/strong><br data-start=\"2472\" data-end=\"2475\" \/>Proc\u00e9s mitjan\u00e7ant el qual un usuari accedeix a un sistema introduint credencials.<\/p><p data-start=\"2560\" data-end=\"2644\"><strong data-start=\"2560\" data-end=\"2572\">Nickname<\/strong><br data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2575\" \/>\u00c0lies o nom que utilitza un usuari per identificar-se a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"2646\" data-end=\"2728\"><strong data-start=\"2646\" data-end=\"2654\">Spam<\/strong><br data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2657\" \/>Correu electr\u00f2nic no sol\u00b7licitat, generalment amb fins publicitaris.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1lcy1u5\" data-start=\"2735\" data-end=\"2781\">Terminologia de serveis i \u00fas d&#039;Internet<\/h3><p data-start=\"2783\" data-end=\"2860\"><strong data-start=\"2783\" data-end=\"2796\">Ecommerce<\/strong><br data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2799\" \/>Compra i venda de productes o serveis mitjan\u00e7ant Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"2862\" data-end=\"2956\"><strong data-start=\"2862\" data-end=\"2878\">Cloud (n\u00favol)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2878\" data-end=\"2881\" \/>Serveis demmagatzematge o aplicacions accessibles a trav\u00e9s dInternet.<\/p><p data-start=\"2958\" data-end=\"3064\"><strong data-start=\"2958\" data-end=\"2994\">FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2994\" data-end=\"2997\" \/>Secci\u00f3 duna web que recull preguntes freq\u00fcents dels usuaris.<\/p><p data-start=\"3066\" data-end=\"3146\"><strong data-start=\"3066\" data-end=\"3079\">Webmaster<\/strong><br data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3082\" \/>Persona responsable del manteniment i la gesti\u00f3 d&#039;un lloc web.<\/p><p data-start=\"3148\" data-end=\"3239\"><strong data-start=\"3148\" data-end=\"3162\">Cibernauta<\/strong><br data-start=\"3162\" data-end=\"3165\" \/>Persona que utilitza Internet per navegar o accedir a serveis digitals.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1mgqojf\" data-start=\"3246\" data-end=\"3286\">Terminologia de seguretat inform\u00e0tica<\/h3><p data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3354\"><strong data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3301\">Antivirus<\/strong><br data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3304\" \/>Programa que detecta i elimina programari malici\u00f3s.<\/p><p data-start=\"3356\" data-end=\"3445\"><strong data-start=\"3356\" data-end=\"3368\">Firewall<\/strong><br data-start=\"3368\" data-end=\"3371\" \/>Sistema que controla el tr\u00e0nsit de xarxa per evitar accessos no autoritzats.<\/p><p data-start=\"3447\" data-end=\"3550\"><strong data-start=\"3447\" data-end=\"3456\">Virus<\/strong><br data-start=\"3456\" data-end=\"3459\" \/>Programa malici\u00f3s que s&#039;introdueix en un sistema per danyar-lo o alterar-ne el funcionament.<\/p><p data-start=\"3552\" data-end=\"3631\"><strong data-start=\"3552\" data-end=\"3563\">Malware<\/strong><br data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3566\" \/>Terme general que engloba qualsevol tipus de programari malici\u00f3s.<\/p><p data-start=\"3633\" data-end=\"3724\"><strong data-start=\"3633\" data-end=\"3645\">Phishing<\/strong><br data-start=\"3645\" data-end=\"3648\" \/>Frau a Internet que intenta obtenir informaci\u00f3 confidencial de lusuari.<\/p><p data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3815\"><strong data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3736\">Hacker<\/strong><br data-start=\"3736\" data-end=\"3739\" \/>Persona amb coneixements avan\u00e7ats d&#039;inform\u00e0tica que analitza sistemes i xarxes. No necess\u00e0riament t\u00e9 intencions malicioses.<\/p><p data-start=\"3817\" data-end=\"3907\"><strong data-start=\"3817\" data-end=\"3828\">Cracker<\/strong><br data-start=\"3828\" data-end=\"3831\" \/>Persona que accedeix a sistemes inform\u00e0tics de forma il\u00b7legal amb fins maliciosos, com ara robar informaci\u00f3 o causar danys.<\/p><p data-start=\"3909\" data-end=\"4020\"><strong data-start=\"3909\" data-end=\"3919\">Cookie<\/strong><br data-start=\"3919\" data-end=\"3922\" \/>Fitxer que un web emmagatzema al navegador per desar informaci\u00f3 de lusuari.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"3jl5v\" data-start=\"4076\" data-end=\"4124\">Aplicacions d&#039;Internet dins de l&#039;empresa<\/h2><p data-start=\"4126\" data-end=\"4203\">Internet \u00e9s una eina fonamental en el funcionament de les empreses.<\/p><p data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">Entre les principals aplicacions trobem:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">comunicaci\u00f3 mitjan\u00e7ant correu electr\u00f2nic<\/li><li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">acc\u00e9s a plataformes de treball col\u00b7laboratiu<\/li><li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">intercanvi d&#039;arxius<\/li><li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">acc\u00e9s a serveis al n\u00favol<\/li><li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">realitzaci\u00f3 de videoconfer\u00e8ncies<\/li><li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4252\">acc\u00e9s a sistemes de gesti\u00f3 empresarial<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"4481\" data-end=\"4580\">Internet permet millorar la comunicaci\u00f3, agilitzar processos i facilitar lacc\u00e9s a la informaci\u00f3.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"1goatds\" data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"452\">El protocol TCP\/IP i l&#039;encaminament a Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"643\">Internet funciona gr\u00e0cies a un conjunt de regles que permeten que els ordinadors es comuniquin entre ells. Aquestes regles es diuen <strong data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"598\">protocols<\/strong>, i el conjunt m\u00e9s important \u00e9s <strong data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"642\">TCP\/IP<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"785\">TCP\/IP no \u00e9s un \u00fanic protocol, sin\u00f3 <strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"712\">una fam\u00edlia de protocols<\/strong> que permeten enviar informaci\u00f3 entre dispositius connectats a una xarxa.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"7vnzbj\" data-start=\"792\" data-end=\"808\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s TCP\/IP<\/h3><p data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"972\"><strong data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"872\">TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol \/ Internet Protocol)<\/strong> \u00e9s el conjunt de protocols que permet que els dispositius intercanvi\u00efn informaci\u00f3 a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1019\">Cada ordinador connectat a la xarxa ha de poder:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1019\">identificar-se<\/li><li data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1019\">enviar informaci\u00f3<\/li><li data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1019\">rebre informaci\u00f3<\/li><li data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1019\">comprovar que les dades arriben correctament<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1186\">Per aix\u00f2 intervenen principalment dos protocols.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"1vsn40j\" data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1214\">IP (Internet Protocol)<\/h4><p data-start=\"1216\" data-end=\"1347\">El protocol <strong data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1235\">IP<\/strong> s&#039;encarrega de <strong data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1292\">identificar els dispositius a la xarxa<\/strong> mitjan\u00e7ant una adre\u00e7a \u00fanica trucada <strong data-start=\"1330\" data-end=\"1346\">adre\u00e7a IP<\/strong>.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"1pvsudj\" data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1388\">TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)<\/h4><p data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1425\">El protocol <strong data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1410\">TCP<\/strong> s&#039;encarrega de:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1425\">dividir la informaci\u00f3 en paquets<\/li><li data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1425\">enviar-los a trav\u00e9s de la xarxa<\/li><li data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1425\">comprovar que arriben correctament<\/li><li data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1425\">tornar a acoblar-los a la destinaci\u00f3<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1642\">Gr\u00e0cies a TCP, les dades arriben completes i en l&#039;ordre correcte.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"1lfxszd\" data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1512\">Com s&#039;organitza Internet per dins (model TCP\/IP simplificat)<\/h2><p data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1609\">Internet funciona gr\u00e0cies a un conjunt de regles anomenat <strong data-start=\"1572\" data-end=\"1582\">TCP\/IP<\/strong>, que s&#039;organitza en capes.<\/p><p data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1639\">Cada capa t\u00e9 una funci\u00f3:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1909\"><li data-section-id=\"1ang2fr\" data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1709\"><strong data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1661\">Capa d&#039;enlla\u00e7<\/strong> \u2192 connecta dispositius dins de la mateixa xarxa<\/li><li data-section-id=\"6a276k\" data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1764\"><strong data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1732\">Capa d&#039;Internet<\/strong> \u2192 gestiona les adreces IP<\/li><li data-section-id=\"39gq0w\" data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1838\"><strong data-start=\"1767\" data-end=\"1789\">Capa de transport<\/strong> \u2192 controla que les dades arribin correctament<\/li><li data-section-id=\"204087\" data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1909\"><strong data-start=\"1841\" data-end=\"1863\">Capa d&#039;aplicaci\u00f3<\/strong> \u2192 permet utilitzar serveis com webs o correu<\/li><\/ul><h2 data-section-id=\"zg690l\" data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1669\">Les adreces IP<\/h2><p data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1755\">Perqu\u00e8 un dispositiu pugui comunicar-se a Internet en necessita una <strong data-start=\"1738\" data-end=\"1754\">adre\u00e7a IP<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1868\">Una <strong data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1777\">adre\u00e7a IP<\/strong> \u00e9s un identificador num\u00e8ric \u00fanic que permet localitzar un dispositiu dins una xarxa.<\/p><p data-start=\"1870\" data-end=\"1964\">En el cas de <strong data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"1892\">IPv4<\/strong>, la direcci\u00f3 est\u00e0 formada per <strong data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"1963\">quatre n\u00fameros separats per punts<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1966\" data-end=\"1974\">Exemple:<\/p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>192.168.1.10<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>Cada n\u00famero pot tenir valors entre <strong data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2047\">0 i 255<\/strong>.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2165\">Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s degut a que una adre\u00e7a IP est\u00e0 formada per <strong data-start=\"2103\" data-end=\"2114\">32 bits<\/strong>, agrupats en quatre blocs anomenats <strong data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2164\">octets<\/strong>.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"rodb38\" data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2208\">Exemple de representaci\u00f3 bin\u00e0ria<\/h3><p data-start=\"2210\" data-end=\"2223\">La direcci\u00f3 192.168.1.10 en sistema binari seria:<\/p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div dir=\"ltr\"><div><div>11000000.10101000.00000001.00001010<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"2319\" data-end=\"2457\">Tot i que els ordinadors treballen internament en binari, els usuaris utilitzen la representaci\u00f3 decimal perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil de llegir.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"1nshht\" data-start=\"2464\" data-end=\"2490\">Classes d&#039;adreces IP<\/h2><p data-start=\"2492\" data-end=\"2586\">Tradicionalment les adreces IPv4 s&#039;organitzaven a <strong data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2558\">classes<\/strong>, segons la mida de la xarxa.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"9erov0\" data-start=\"2588\" data-end=\"2598\">Classe A<\/h3><p data-start=\"2600\" data-end=\"2687\">S&#039;utilitzen per <strong data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2638\">xarxes molt grans<\/strong>, com a grans organitzacions o administracions.<\/p><p data-start=\"2689\" data-end=\"2695\">Rang:<\/p><p data-start=\"2689\" data-end=\"2695\">1.0.0.0 \u2013 126.255.255.255<\/p><div><div><div><div><div>M\u00e0scara de xarxa t\u00edpica:<\/div><div>255.0.0.0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><h3>Classe B<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"2793\" data-end=\"2872\">Utilitzades en <strong data-start=\"2807\" data-end=\"2832\">xarxes de mida mitjana<\/strong>, com a universitats o empreses grans.<\/p><p data-start=\"2874\" data-end=\"2880\">Rang:<\/p><p data-start=\"2874\" data-end=\"2880\">128.0.0.0 \u2013 191.255.255.255<\/p><div><div><div><div><div>M\u00e0scara de xarxa:<\/div><div>255.255.0.0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h3 data-section-id=\"9erov2\" data-start=\"2962\" data-end=\"2972\">Classe C<\/h3><p data-start=\"2974\" data-end=\"3053\">S\u00f3n les m\u00e9s utilitzades en <strong data-start=\"3000\" data-end=\"3018\">xarxes petites<\/strong>, com oficines o xarxes dom\u00e8stiques.<\/p><p data-start=\"3055\" data-end=\"3061\">Rang:<\/p><p data-start=\"3055\" data-end=\"3061\">192.0.0.0 \u2013 223.255.255.255<\/p><div><div><div><div><div>M\u00e0scara de xarxa:<\/div><div>255.255.255.0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><h2>Adreces IP privades<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"3172\" data-end=\"3296\">Dins les adreces IP existeixen <strong data-start=\"3209\" data-end=\"3250\">rangs reservats per a xarxes privades<\/strong>, que no sutilitzen directament a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"3298\" data-end=\"3386\">S\u00f3n les adreces que trobem normalment a <strong data-start=\"3349\" data-end=\"3385\">xarxes dom\u00e8stiques o empresarials<\/strong>.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"17jfyse\" data-start=\"3388\" data-end=\"3412\">Rang privat classe A<\/h3><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>10.0.0.0 \u2013 10.255.255.255<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h3 data-section-id=\"17jfysd\" data-start=\"3454\" data-end=\"3478\">Rang privat classe B<\/h3><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>172.16.0.0 \u2013 172.31.255.255<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><h3>Rang privat classe C<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>192.168.0.0 \u2013 192.168.255.255<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"3587\" data-end=\"3638\">Per exemple, quan un ordinador t\u00e9 una IP com:<\/p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>192.168.1.15<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>vol dir que est\u00e0 dins d&#039;una <strong data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"3708\">xarxa local<\/strong>, normalment gestionada per un router.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h2 data-section-id=\"w4yak3\" data-start=\"3754\" data-end=\"3772\">El paper del DNS<\/h2><p data-start=\"3774\" data-end=\"3902\">Les adreces IP s\u00f3n necess\u00e0ries perqu\u00e8 els ordinadors es comuniquin, per\u00f2 <strong data-start=\"3853\" data-end=\"3901\">no s\u00f3n f\u00e0cils de recordar per als usuaris<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"3904\" data-end=\"3959\">Per aquest motiu existeix el <strong data-start=\"3930\" data-end=\"3958\">DNS (Domain Name System)<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"3961\" data-end=\"4033\">El DNS tradueix noms de domini f\u00e0cils de recordar a adreces IP.<\/p><p data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4043\">Exemple:<\/p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>www.google.com \u2192 142.250.184.174<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"4089\" data-end=\"4195\">Gr\u00e0cies a aquest sistema, els usuaris poden navegar utilitzant noms de p\u00e0gines web en comptes de n\u00fameros.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"1r58mxi\" data-start=\"4202\" data-end=\"4232\">TCP\/IP com a base d&#039;Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4349\">El conjunt de protocols TCP\/IP permet que milions de dispositius de tot el m\u00f3n es puguin comunicar entre si.<\/p><p data-start=\"4351\" data-end=\"4413\">Aquest sistema \u00e9s la base de molts serveis dInternet, com:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"4351\" data-end=\"4413\">navegaci\u00f3 web (HTTP \/ HTTPS)<\/li><li data-start=\"4351\" data-end=\"4413\">correu electr\u00f2nic (SMTP)<\/li><li data-start=\"4351\" data-end=\"4413\">transfer\u00e8ncia de fitxers (FTP)<\/li><li data-start=\"4351\" data-end=\"4413\">serveis al n\u00favol<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"4539\" data-end=\"4616\">Sense aquests protocols, <strong data-start=\"4561\" data-end=\"4615\">Internet tal com el coneixem no podria funcionar<\/strong>.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"cx2j02\" data-start=\"5052\" data-end=\"5083\">Direccionament a Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"5085\" data-end=\"5194\">Perqu\u00e8 un dispositiu pugui comunicar-se amb un altre en una xarxa cal que en tingui una <strong data-start=\"5174\" data-end=\"5193\">direcci\u00f3 \u00fanica<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5240\">Aquesta adre\u00e7a s&#039;anomena <strong data-start=\"5223\" data-end=\"5239\">adre\u00e7a IP<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"5242\" data-end=\"5349\">Una adre\u00e7a IP est\u00e0 formada per una s\u00e8rie de n\u00fameros que identifiquen cada dispositiu dins de la xarxa.<\/p><p data-start=\"5351\" data-end=\"5363\">Per exemple:<\/p><p data-start=\"5365\" data-end=\"5376\">192.168.1.1<\/p><p data-start=\"5378\" data-end=\"5541\">Quan escrivim una adre\u00e7a web al navegador, el sistema tradueix aquesta adre\u00e7a a l&#039;adre\u00e7a IP corresponent del servidor on est\u00e0 allotjada la p\u00e0gina.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"291\" data-end=\"541\">Acc\u00e9s a Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"291\" data-end=\"541\">Per poder utilitzar Internet cal disposar d&#039;un <strong data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"394\">prove\u00efdor que permeti la connexi\u00f3 a la xarxa<\/strong>. Aquests prove\u00efdors s&#039;encarreguen d&#039;oferir la infraestructura necess\u00e0ria perqu\u00e8 els dispositius es puguin comunicar amb altres equips a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"607\">Hi ha diferents tipus de prove\u00efdors i tecnologies d&#039;acc\u00e9s.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1h4fqh5\" data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"648\">ISP (Internet Service Provider)<\/h3><p data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"749\">Un <strong data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"660\">ISP<\/strong> \u00e9s una empresa que proporciona <strong data-start=\"692\" data-end=\"713\">acc\u00e9s a Internet<\/strong> usuaris particulars i empreses.<\/p><p data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"797\">Entre les seves funcions principals hi ha:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"797\">proporcionar connexi\u00f3 a Internet<\/li><li data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"797\">assignar adreces IP als dispositius<\/li><li data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"797\">gestionar el tr\u00e0nsit de dades<\/li><li data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"797\">oferir serveis addicionals (correu electr\u00f2nic, allotjament web, etc.)<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1023\">Exemples d&#039;ISP coneguts s\u00f3n:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1023\">Movistar<\/li><li data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1023\">Vodafone<\/li><li data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1023\">Orange<\/li><li data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1023\">Digi<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1160\">Quan contractem Internet a casa oa una empresa, ho fem a trav\u00e9s d&#039;un <strong data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1159\">ISP<\/strong>.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"bz4x6j\" data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1199\">OSP (Online Service Provider)<\/h3><p data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1339\">Un <strong data-start=\"1204\" data-end=\"1211\">OSP<\/strong> \u00e9s un prove\u00efdor que ofereix <strong data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1293\">serveis en l\u00ednia accessibles a trav\u00e9s d&#039;Internet<\/strong>, per\u00f2 no necess\u00e0riament la connexi\u00f3 a la xarxa.<\/p><p data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1427\">Mentre que l&#039;ISP proporciona <strong data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1388\">la connexi\u00f3<\/strong>, l&#039;OSP proporciona <strong data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1426\">els serveis<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1488\">Entre els serveis que pot oferir un OSP hi ha:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1488\">correu electr\u00f2nic<\/li><li data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1488\">emmagatzematge al n\u00favol<\/li><li data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1488\">xarxes socials<\/li><li data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1488\">plataformes de v\u00eddeo<\/li><li data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1488\">eines de col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1635\">Exemples d&#039;OSP:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1635\">Google<\/li><li data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1635\">Microsoft<\/li><li data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1635\">Dropbox<\/li><li data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1635\">Facebook<\/li><li data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1635\">Netflix<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1712\">Per exemple:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1712\"><strong data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1728\">Movistar<\/strong> \u2192 ISP (proveu la connexi\u00f3)<\/li><li data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1712\"><strong data-start=\"1760\" data-end=\"1770\">Google<\/strong> \u2192 OSP (prove serveis com Gmail o Google Drive)<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"15omv66\" data-start=\"1828\" data-end=\"1863\">Tecnologies d&#039;acc\u00e9s a Internet<\/h3><p data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1937\">La connexi\u00f3 a Internet es pot fer mitjan\u00e7ant diferents tecnologies.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"1v42004\" data-start=\"1939\" data-end=\"1955\">Fibra \u00f2ptica<\/h4><p data-start=\"1957\" data-end=\"2039\">Utilitza cables de fibra \u00f2ptica que transmeten informaci\u00f3 mitjan\u00e7ant senyals de llum.<\/p><p data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2050\">Avantatges:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2050\">molt alta velocitat<\/li><li data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2050\">gran estabilitat<\/li><li data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2050\">baixa lat\u00e8ncia<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2182\">Actualment \u00e9s <strong data-start=\"2128\" data-end=\"2181\">la tecnologia m\u00e9s utilitzada en llars i empreses<\/strong>.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"ynhfmk\" data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2197\">ADSL<\/h4><p data-start=\"2199\" data-end=\"2274\">Tecnologia que utilitza la xarxa telef\u00f2nica tradicional per transmetre dades.<\/p><p data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2292\">Caracter\u00edstiques:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2292\">velocitat inferior a la fibra<\/li><li data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2292\">dep\u00e8n de la dist\u00e0ncia a la central telef\u00f2nica<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2379\" data-end=\"2449\">Avui dia est\u00e0 sent substitu\u00efda progressivament per la fibra \u00f2ptica.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"od7vi0\" data-start=\"2456\" data-end=\"2473\">Xarxes m\u00f2bils<\/h4><p data-start=\"2475\" data-end=\"2543\">Permeten connectar-se a Internet mitjan\u00e7ant xarxes de telefonia m\u00f2bil.<\/p><p data-start=\"2545\" data-end=\"2566\">Tipus m\u00e9s habituals:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"2545\" data-end=\"2566\"><strong data-start=\"2570\" data-end=\"2576\">4G<\/strong><\/li><li data-start=\"2545\" data-end=\"2566\"><strong data-start=\"2579\" data-end=\"2585\">5G<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2587\" data-end=\"2669\">S&#039;utilitzen principalment a <strong data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2668\">tel\u00e8fons m\u00f2bils, tauletes i encaminadors port\u00e0tils<\/strong>.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"s1vd0y\" data-start=\"2676\" data-end=\"2698\">Connexi\u00f3 satelital<\/h4><p data-start=\"2700\" data-end=\"2754\">Utilitza sat\u00e8l\u00b7lits per proporcionar acc\u00e9s a Internet.<\/p><p data-start=\"2756\" data-end=\"2783\">S&#039;empra especialment a:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"2756\" data-end=\"2783\">zones rurals<\/li><li data-start=\"2756\" data-end=\"2783\">llocs on no arriba la fibra \u00f2ptica<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2845\" data-end=\"2879\">Un exemple actual \u00e9s <strong data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2878\">Starlink<\/strong>.<\/p><h2 data-section-id=\"2phwlg\" data-start=\"6079\" data-end=\"6111\">Seguretat i \u00e8tica a Internet<\/h2><p data-start=\"6113\" data-end=\"6266\">L\u00fas dInternet tamb\u00e9 implica certs riscos, per la qual cosa \u00e9s important con\u00e8ixer algunes amenaces habituals i aplicar bones pr\u00e0ctiques de seguretat.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1uxnbj0\" data-start=\"6273\" data-end=\"6305\">Pantalles o avisos enganyosos<\/h3><p data-start=\"6307\" data-end=\"6394\">En algunes p\u00e0gines web poden apar\u00e8ixer <strong data-start=\"6346\" data-end=\"6393\">pantalles dissenyades per enganyar l&#039;usuari<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"6396\" data-end=\"6555\">Aquestes p\u00e0gines mostren missatges que <strong data-start=\"6432\" data-end=\"6491\">imiten una finestra de Windows o una alerta de seguretat<\/strong>, indicant que lordinador t\u00e9 un virus o un problema greu.<\/p><p data-start=\"6557\" data-end=\"6600\">Per exemple, poden apar\u00e8ixer missatges com:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"6557\" data-end=\"6600\">\u201cEl vostre ordinador est\u00e0 infectat\u201d<\/li><li data-start=\"6557\" data-end=\"6600\">\u201cTruqui immediatament a suport t\u00e8cnic\u201d<\/li><li data-start=\"6557\" data-end=\"6600\">\u201cDescarregueu aquesta eina per netejar el sistema\u201d<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"6733\" data-end=\"6851\">En realitat, aquests avisos <strong data-start=\"6759\" data-end=\"6797\">no pertanyen al sistema operatiu<\/strong>, sin\u00f3 que formen part duna p\u00e0gina web fraudulenta.<\/p><p data-start=\"6853\" data-end=\"6875\">El seu objectiu sol ser:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"6853\" data-end=\"6875\">que l&#039;usuari truqui a un n\u00famero fals de suport t\u00e8cnic<\/li><li data-start=\"6853\" data-end=\"6875\">que descarregueu un programa malici\u00f3s<\/li><li data-start=\"6853\" data-end=\"6875\">que introdueixi dades personals o de pagament<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"1eqgfa7\" data-start=\"7029\" data-end=\"7051\">Virus inform\u00e0tics<\/h3><p data-start=\"7053\" data-end=\"7157\">Un <strong data-start=\"7056\" data-end=\"7077\">virus inform\u00e0tic<\/strong> \u00e9s un programa malici\u00f3s dissenyat per alterar el funcionament de lordinador.<\/p><p data-start=\"7159\" data-end=\"7165\">Pot:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"7159\" data-end=\"7165\">esborrar fitxers<\/li><li data-start=\"7159\" data-end=\"7165\">modificar informaci\u00f3<\/li><li data-start=\"7159\" data-end=\"7165\">alentir el sistema<\/li><li data-start=\"7159\" data-end=\"7165\">propagar-se a altres equips<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"pfvohx\" data-start=\"7274\" data-end=\"7286\">Troians<\/h3><p data-start=\"7288\" data-end=\"7395\">Un <strong data-start=\"7291\" data-end=\"7302\">troi\u00e0<\/strong> \u00e9s un programa que sembla ser leg\u00edtim per\u00f2 que permet que un atacant accedeixi al sistema.<\/p><p data-start=\"7397\" data-end=\"7419\">Es pot utilitzar per:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"7397\" data-end=\"7419\">robar informaci\u00f3<\/li><li data-start=\"7397\" data-end=\"7419\">instal\u00b7lar altres programes maliciosos<\/li><li data-start=\"7397\" data-end=\"7419\">controlar lordinador de forma remota.<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"1p7o2ks\" data-start=\"7531\" data-end=\"7543\">Phishing<\/h3><p data-start=\"7545\" data-end=\"7655\">El <strong data-start=\"7548\" data-end=\"7560\">phishing<\/strong> \u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica de frau que intenta enganyar l&#039;usuari per obtenir informaci\u00f3 confidencial.<\/p><p data-start=\"7657\" data-end=\"7689\">Es realitza normalment mitjan\u00e7ant:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"7657\" data-end=\"7689\">correus electr\u00f2nics falsos<\/li><li data-start=\"7657\" data-end=\"7689\">p\u00e0gines web que imiten bancs o empreses<\/li><li data-start=\"7657\" data-end=\"7689\">missatges que sol\u00b7liciten introduir contrasenyes o dades personals<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"71j6gr\" data-start=\"7839\" data-end=\"7872\">Bones pr\u00e0ctiques de seguretat<\/h3><p data-start=\"7874\" data-end=\"7929\">Per utilitzar Internet de forma segura \u00e9s recomanable:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"7874\" data-end=\"7929\">mantenir el sistema actualitzat<\/li><li data-start=\"7874\" data-end=\"7929\">utilitzar antivirus<\/li><li data-start=\"7874\" data-end=\"7929\">no obrir fitxers sospitosos<\/li><li data-start=\"7874\" data-end=\"7929\">verificar les p\u00e0gines web abans d&#039;introduir dades personals<\/li><li data-start=\"7874\" data-end=\"7929\">utilitzar contrasenyes segures<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"8115\" data-end=\"8229\">La seguretat a Internet \u00e9s una responsabilitat compartida entre els sistemes inform\u00e0tics i els mateixos usuaris.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"krt16l\" data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2227\">M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 dels virus: riscos reals a Internet<\/h3><p data-start=\"2229\" data-end=\"2297\">Quan parlem de seguretat a Internet, no nom\u00e9s parlem de virus.<\/p><p data-start=\"2299\" data-end=\"2341\">Tamb\u00e9 hi ha altres riscos importants:<\/p><ul data-start=\"2343\" data-end=\"2533\"><li data-section-id=\"ie3d95\" data-start=\"2343\" data-end=\"2412\"><strong data-start=\"2345\" data-end=\"2359\">Privadesa<\/strong> \u2192 les nostres dades poden ser utilitzades sense perm\u00eds<\/li><li data-section-id=\"hr60j0\" data-start=\"2413\" data-end=\"2469\"><strong data-start=\"2415\" data-end=\"2428\">Identitat<\/strong> \u2192 no sempre sabem qui est\u00e0 darrere<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1yjrqsx\" data-start=\"2470\" data-end=\"2533\"><strong data-start=\"2472\" data-end=\"2488\">Manipulaci\u00f3<\/strong> \u2192 la informaci\u00f3 pot ser falsa o esbiaixada<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2535\" data-end=\"2611\">Exemple real:<br data-start=\"2551\" data-end=\"2554\" \/>Una not\u00edcia pot semblar fiable\u2026 i no ser-ho gens.<\/p><p data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2689\">Per aix\u00f2, no nom\u00e9s cal saber fer servir Internet, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 interpretar-lo.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2689\">Drets d&#039;autor<\/h2><p data-start=\"296\" data-end=\"466\">Quan fem servir Internet, \u00e9s molt f\u00e0cil caure en la idea que \u201ctot \u00e9s gratu\u00eft\u201d.<br data-start=\"373\" data-end=\"376\" \/>Per\u00f2 en realitat, la majoria de continguts tenen un <strong data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"438\">autor<\/strong> i estan protegits per llei.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"1j5tyj3\" data-start=\"468\" data-end=\"495\">Qu\u00e8 vol dir aix\u00f2?<\/h3><ul data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"707\"><li data-section-id=\"iqrkcy\" data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"594\">Una imatge, un text, un v\u00eddeo o una m\u00fasica <strong data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"559\">no s\u00f3n teus<\/strong>, encara que els trobis a Google<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1wbf5j3\" data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"636\">L&#039;autor t\u00e9 drets sobre la seva obra<\/li><li data-section-id=\"z6gjn0\" data-start=\"637\" data-end=\"707\">No es pot copiar, modificar o utilitzar lliurement en tots els casos<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"1dyowiz\" data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"742\">Qu\u00e8 s\u00ed que pots fer?<\/h3><p data-start=\"744\" data-end=\"773\">Dep\u00e8n del tipus de llic\u00e8ncia:<\/p><h4 data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"812\">\u00das perm\u00e8s (segons llic\u00e8ncia)<\/h4><p data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"861\">Alguns continguts permeten el seu \u00fas, per exemple:<\/p><ul data-start=\"863\" data-end=\"974\"><li data-section-id=\"1fd80c7\" data-start=\"863\" data-end=\"974\"><strong data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"885\">Creative Commons<\/strong> \u2192 permeten utilitzar continguts amb certes condicions<br data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"939\" \/>(per exemple: esmentar l&#039;autor)<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"1057\">Exemple:<br \/>Pots fer servir una imatge si indica:<br data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1024\" \/>\u201c\u00das perm\u00e8s citant la font\u201d<\/p><h4 data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1105\">\u00das NO perm\u00e8s (el m\u00e9s habitual)<\/h4><p data-start=\"1107\" data-end=\"1117\">No pots:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1119\" data-end=\"1277\"><li data-section-id=\"6259ey\" data-start=\"1119\" data-end=\"1169\">Copiar imatges de Google per a \u00fas professional<\/li><li data-section-id=\"iuaboe\" data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1220\">Usar textos d&#039;altres webs com si fossin teus<\/li><li data-section-id=\"19ub38o\" data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1277\">Descarregar m\u00fasica o v\u00eddeos protegits i reutilitzar-los<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1279\" data-end=\"1378\">Exemple t\u00edpic d&#039;alumne:<br \/>\u201cHo he tret de Google\u201d<br data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1335\" \/>Google no n&#039;\u00e9s l&#039;autor, \u00e9s el cercador.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"ttssem\" data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1419\">Qu\u00e8 passa si no es respecta?<\/h3><ul data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1546\"><li data-section-id=\"1fwmtmc\" data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1465\">Problemes legals (en empreses \u00e9s seri\u00f3s)<\/li><li data-section-id=\"ws11ca\" data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1518\">Eliminaci\u00f3 de contingut (xarxes socials, webs\u2026)<\/li><li data-section-id=\"18uaq0s\" data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1546\">P\u00e8rdua de credibilitat<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"mjwxoz\" data-start=\"1553\" data-end=\"1604\">Tipus b\u00e0sics de llic\u00e8ncies<\/h3><ul data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1782\"><li data-section-id=\"5js1kl\" data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1674\"><strong data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1621\">Copyright<\/strong> \u2192 tots els drets reservats (no el pots fer servir)<\/li><li data-section-id=\"a77gob\" data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1731\"><strong data-start=\"1677\" data-end=\"1697\">Creative Commons<\/strong> \u2192 pots fer-lo servir amb condicions. <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/share-your-work\/cclicenses\/\"><span style=\"color: #c40e88;\">Enlla\u00e7 a Creative Commons<\/span><\/a><\/li><li data-section-id=\"n5exmn\" data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1782\"><strong data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1753\">Domini p\u00fablic<\/strong> \u2192 pots fer-lo servir lliurement<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"arv8xs\" data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1849\">Bones pr\u00e0ctiques<\/h3><ul data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1991\"><li data-section-id=\"1khx5v5\" data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1911\">Buscar imatges en bancs gratu\u00efts (Unsplash, Pixabay\u2026)<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1bt0h99\" data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"1950\">Citar la font quan correspongui<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1ouc4oh\" data-start=\"1951\" data-end=\"1991\">No copiar\/enganxar sense revisar permisos<\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"10lstam\" data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2037\">Idea clau<\/h3><h3 data-section-id=\"10lstam\" data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2037\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #c40e88;\">Si no saps si pots fer-lo servir\u2026 millor no ho facis servir.<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-592d202 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"592d202\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0754b25 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0754b25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/create.kahoot.it\/share\/internet-y-redes-fundamentos-protocolos-y-seguridad\/26f943b0-2b7b-4614-8a2e-d5376ab72232\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">autoavaluaci\u00f3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b9b43a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b9b43a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><div>\u00a0<\/div><\/div><h2>Bibliografia i webgrafia<\/h2><ul><li><strong data-start=\"369\" data-end=\"390\">Internet Society.<\/strong> (2023). <em data-start=\"399\" data-end=\"424\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/internet\/how-it-works\/\">How the Internet Works<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"514\">Cloudflare Learning Center.<\/strong> (sf). <span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/learning\/ddos\/glossary\/tcp-ip\/\"><em data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"540\">What \u00e9s TCP\/IP?<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"602\" data-end=\"633\">Cloudflare Learning Center.<\/strong> (sf). <span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/learning\/dns\/what-is-dns\/\"><em data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"656\">What is DNS?<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"745\">Kurose, JF, &amp; Ross, KW.<\/strong> (2021). <em data-start=\"754\" data-end=\"797\">Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach.<\/em> Pearson.<\/li><li><strong data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"821\">Menjar, D.<\/strong> (2018). <em data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"860\">Internetworking with TCP\/IP.<\/em> Pearson.<\/li><li><strong data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"900\">Cisco Networking Academy.<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"936\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.netacad.com\">Introduction to Networks<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"974\">ICANN.<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"983\" data-end=\"1025\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icann.org\/resources\/pages\/dns-2012-02-25-en\">Domain Names and the Domain Name System<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1105\">Microsoft Learn.<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1140\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\">Networking fonamentals<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1230\">National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1275\">C<span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\">omputer Security Resource Center<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"1301\" data-end=\"1353\">European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA).<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"1362\" data-end=\"1385\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enisa.europa.eu\">Cybersecurity basics<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"1417\" data-end=\"1431\">Wikipedia.<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1451\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\">Internet<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1508\">Wikipedia.<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1526\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TCP\/IP\">TCP\/IP<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1581\">Wikipedia.<\/strong> (sf). <em data-start=\"1590\" data-end=\"1605\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direcci\u00f3n_IP\">Adre\u00e7a IP<\/a><\/span>.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aefdb85 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon-text elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"aefdb85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Compartir a facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFacebook\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_x-twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Compartir a x-twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-x-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tX\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Compartir a linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLinkedIn\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Compartir a whatsapp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhatsApp\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_telegram\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Va compartir en telegram\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-telegram\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTelegram\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Figura 1. Representaci\u00f3n conceptual de los tipos de software en un sistema inform\u00e1tico. Imagen generada con inteligencia artificial para fines educativos. Seguimos con el temario de la UF0319 \u2013 Ofim\u00e1tica, dedicado a comprender el funcionamiento b\u00e1sico del ordenador y su entorno digital. En los art\u00edculos anteriores hemos visto qu\u00e9 es el hardware, qu\u00e9 es el [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[40,39],"class_list":["post-4327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-so_e_internet","tag-internet","tag-redes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 es Internet y c\u00f3mo funcionan las redes - Datissima<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gu\u00eda b\u00e1sica para saber c\u00f3mo funcionan las redes e Internet: TCP\/IP, direcciones IP, acceso a la red, seguridad y terminolog\u00eda b\u00e1sica.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/ca\/5-redes-e-internet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u00e9 es Internet y c\u00f3mo funcionan las redes - Datissima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gu\u00eda b\u00e1sica para saber c\u00f3mo funcionan las redes e Internet: TCP\/IP, direcciones IP, acceso a la red, seguridad y terminolog\u00eda b\u00e1sica.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/ca\/5-redes-e-internet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Datissima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-18T14:37:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-25T20:39:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/datissima.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-18-mar-2026-15_06_37-1024x683.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"683\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Beatriz Romera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Beatriz Romera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/datissima.tech\\\/ca\\\/5-redes-e-internet\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/datissima.tech\\\/ca\\\/5-redes-e-internet\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Beatriz Romera\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/datissima.tech\\\/ca\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f121c27c1a4a45b61c67e97d00d586de\"},\"headline\":\"5. 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